Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Case study of the Web Index
The renowned organization called World Wide Web Foundation produced and designed the Web Index. The purpose of the Web Index is to measure contribution of World Wide Web to economical, social and political development within nations across the world[1]. In order to make the people understand how the nations maximize the impact of the web, Web Index compiles data across several different Web healthsââ¬â¢ dimensions and makes it available free. The annual country-ranking format continuously improves the understanding of the people regarding the Webââ¬â¢s value for humanity[2]. The study includes the description of the Web Index in accordance with Singapore. Singapore ranked 22 nd in the Web Index ranking and has the value of 75.16. Every key areas of the Web Index are described in detail in the study. The provided recommendation implies that there are five things that Singapore must carry out in order to achieve better ranking. Universal access is a sub-index and it measures that countries have devoted in reasonable access to high quality internet infrastructure[3]. In addition to that, it also suggests that countries are investing in skills and education that its people require to make use of the Web well. Figure 2: Universal Access in Measurement Singapore is in ninth position in the list of Universal Access as per the data of Web Index.à The score of the country is 91.69 [6]. This score clearly says that the Singapore has clearly provided extreme interest in its Web Usage. There are various regains within which Singapore need to improve. As per the definition of the Universal access, Singapore devoted in reasonable access to high quality internet infrastructure. The facts and figures support this statement. In order to make most use of the Web Infrastructure of a country, the people must be able to improve the skills. In addition to that, having the proper knowledge is also crucial. The country can categorize the web users into three categories such as academics, professional and entertainment usage. The most of the use is done for the entertainment purpose. It can be assumed that almost all the countries within top fifty make same amount of use of the web for the entertainment purpose. This suggests that the use of the w eb for the academic and professional purpose places it at 9 th position in the list. These sub-index, freedom and openness, refers to the extent to which the people of a country enjoys privacy online, rights to information, expression and opinion[7]. On other orders, it can be stated this sub-index is the measure of the interaction of the citizens with the Web. Figure 3: Freedom and Openness Graph of Singapore Figure 4: Freedom and Openness Measure of Singapore The score of Singapore in this sub-index is very low relative to the other sub-indexes. The country is in the 41 st position in the world ranking in this category [10]. The citizens of Singapore are not that much interested in interacting with the Web. It is may be because of their conserved nature but it is none of the concern of the study. Singapore, needs to make its citizens more educated and skilled so that they can also share their thoughts, believes and opinions. As the people of Singapore will learn to accept the views of the others, they can argue on different things. Social media sites like, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and many more provide the great opportunity to all the people of the world share their knowledge and views. Singapore, has to make its citizen more enthusiastic regarding interact with the Web. The relevant content is the sub-index that uses both the factors, content present within each country and the Web utilization by the people. These two factors must be residing within a prominence on the amount to which several stakeholders can be able to access information. In addition to that, the data must be relevant to the purpose of use of the people[11]. The content must be in the form of that language within which the people of the specific country is most comfortable. These contents can be accessed through the channels and platforms that available broadly. Figure 5: Relevant Content Graph Representation of Singapore Figure 6: Relevant Content measurement of Singapore The score of Singapore within this category of sub-index is 76.48. The country is in the 21 st position, followed by Estonia (75.72) [14]. These score is slightly more than average. Still Singapore has managed to produce content that most of its people can make use of. It will foolish to consider all the people within the region of the Web using category. It has be assumed that a certain amount of people actually make use of the Web. The people who make use of Web for entertainment and professional works are tend to use content that are written in English, not all but for majority. The reason this Country is lacking behind other countries is its mother tongue. There are very smaller chance of growing within this rank. As per the definition of the Relevant Content provided in the above section, the countryââ¬â¢s content must be within the particular region so that the citizen can access the contents easily. In addition to that, the content, the citizen will be making use of and co nsidered while measuring score, must be relevant for the targeted audience or people of Singapore. This sub-index reflects the most powerful and complex activity of the Web that is empowerment reflects the difference that the Web is bringing with the lifestyle and thought process of people of a country. This sub-index is also used for reflecting the impact of the Web on the society, politics, economy and environment[15]. Empowerment relates to these key four areas of any Country in a strange way. Figure 7: Empowerment Graph Representation of Singapore Figure 8: Empowerment Measurement of Singapore Singapore has raked 19 th and 15 th in the empowerment respectively in the political area and economical area. The rank of Singapore in the overall empowerment is 18 th [18] .à The score of this country in empowerment is 75.17. It says that the impact of Web on the social, economic, environment and political regions. The most of the impact of the Web on this country can be viewed in the economical areas as it makes use of the Web for communicating with the whole world. The Web can be a very good tool for making some move in the political region. One citizen can connect to different citizen who is hundreds of miles away and share their view on some political agenda. This way a thought or view of one person can grow from one region to completely region in a very rapid pace. In terms of evaluating the four sub-indexes of the Web Index regarding Singapore, it is important to analyze all the sub-indexes. The biggest lack in the freedom and openness is the restricted mind of its citizen. The government is required to provide sufficient amount of knowledge to the citizen so that they can empower their view upon the citizen of other countries. This will allow Singapore to score more on the freedom and empowerment sub-index. There is not much limitations regarding universal access and the score reflects it. Gaining the ninth position in the world list is a significant matter. There are various areas that can be utilized the government for making more score in the empowerment area. The empowerment consists of four key areas and impact of Web on these regions is different. Universal Access: The universal Access of Singapore is 91.69 and has the world fastest internet average speed. The country has invested a lot in the internet infrastructure for providing internet service to its citizens. Nowadays internet is considered as a most essential service for public and facilitates for management of the utility services in the country. The citizens should have a reliable internet access and it is essential for the access of knowledge, finance and agriculture. Increasing the universal accessibility decreases the gap of governance and provides public access to the internet. It is recommended that a good technology is required to be selected and the integration issues are required to be identified for the improvement of the universal access. Relevant Content: The relevant content of Singapore is 76.48, i.e. the stakeholders and the citizens can search the web in the language they prefer and find the most relevant content. The posting of the unnecessary web content and increase in the awareness can be used for the improvement of the relevant content. The online resources must not contain any junk files that the user does not find useful and maintain a good relationship with the citizens for understanding their requirement and providing them the most relevant content they needs. The establishment of a good trust is also important for engaging the user to use trusted sources of information. Freedom and Openness: In freedom and openness Singapore have the value of 42.24 and there are lots of possibilities of improvement. The freedom and openness can be improved with maintaining transparency with the government rules and regulations. The management of the economic methodology and aligning the regulatory efficiency with the economic freedom criteria is also important for the increase in the freedom and openness of the internet access of the citizens and the stakeholders of the country.à Controlling the financial sector and public investment programs can also eliminate the inefficiency of the current system. Empowerment: The current empowerment value of Singapore is 75.17 and it is used for the measurement of the self determination in the citizens using the internet. The internet is making a huge difference for making a positive change in the society, politics, environment and economy. It is recommended that the all the information regarding the social life, economy and others mentioned in the key areas for bringing a positive change in the country must be available in the internet. The users should have access to all the resources that can bring a change in their life and the government authorities must monitor the web content and take an initiative to increase the digital literacy of the country. From the above study, it can be concluded that Singapore is a strong country according to Web Index. According to the results of the organization, various countries are making the use of the Web significantly more than other countries. The Web can be seen as a great source of medium that can generate power and economy. The use of the interact can allow the citizen of Singapore to communicate freely with the citizen of the other countries. Keeping in mind the end goal to comprehend the connection amongst correspondence and worldwide understudy streams in the data society, it is basic to research the impacts of the Internet. The Web Index is the main multidimensional measure relating the World Wide Web to worldwide improvement and human rights. The pointers of Web Index incorporate zones of widespread get to, flexibility and openness, pertinent substance and strengthening. The people who make use of the internet for entertainment purposes do the most use of the Web in the Singapore. Th is scenario can be seen in other countries too. Instead of this fact, it can be strongly stated that the most of the interactions with the Web is done for knowledge gathering and sharing purpose. "About | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/about/. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Web Index: Empowerment: Political | Open Data". 2017.à Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Empowerment-Political/bcgb-g3xx. "Web Index: Freedom & Openness | Open Data". 2017.à Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Freedom-Openness/43nm-is4c. "Web Index: Relevant Content | Open Data". 2017.à Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Relevant-Content/v3pg-t68t. "Web Index: Universal Access: Access & Affordability | Open Data". 2017.à Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Universal-Access-Access-Affordability/ndvd-qsv6. Gaftea, Viorel. "Socio-economic Major Risks Related to the Information Technology."à Procedia Economics and Financeà 8 (2014): 336-345. Gayo, Jose Emilio Labra, and Jose M. Alvarez Rodr?guez. "Validating statistical index data represented in RDF using SPARQL queries." Inà RDF Validation Workshop. Practical Assurances for Quality RDF Data, Cambridge, Ma, Boston. 2013. Jiang, Ke. "International student flows between Asia, Australia, and Russia: a network analysis."à Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asiaà 13, no. 1 (2014): 83-98. Ojino, Ronald, Luisa Mich, Patrick Ogao, and Simon Karume. "The Quality of Kenyan University Websites: A Study for the Re-engineering of the Masinde Muliro University Website."à Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Societyà 9, no. 3 (2013). "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. Jiang, Ke. "International student flows between Asia, Australia, and Russia: a network analysis."à Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asiaà 13, no. 1 (2014): 83-98. "About | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/about/. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Web Index: Universal Access: Access & Affordability | Open Data". 2017.à Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Universal-Access-Access-Affordability/ndvd-qsv6. "About | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/about/. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Web Index: Freedom & Openness | Open Data". 2017. Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Freedom-Openness/43nm-is4c. "About | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/about/. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Web Index: Relevant Content | Open Data". 2017.à Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Relevant-Content/v3pg-t68t. "About | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/about/. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Data | The Web Index". 2017.à Thewebindex.Org. https://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGPhttps://thewebindex.org/data/?indicator=INDEX&country=SGP. "Web Index: Empowerment: Political | Open Data". 2017.à Socrata. https://idp.nz/Global-Rankings/Web-Index-Empowerment-Political/bcgb-g3xx. With a decade's experience in providing essay help,
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
Hronic disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Hronic disease - Essay Example This figure represents one third of the global burden of disease, and is twice the number of deaths from all infectious diseases1, maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies combined. This situation is very serious - chronic disease affects not only public health, but society and the economy as well. Chronic disease is currently the most significant cause of death world-wide, and there is no indication that the rapid increase in incidence of chronic disease is likely to slow down in the near future. Every year, approximately 17 million people die prematurely due to chronic disease. Furthermore, WHO have projected that death due to noncommunicable disease will increase from 61% in 2005 to 68% by 2030, while death due to communicable, perinatal and nutritional causes is likely to decrease from 30% in 2005 to 22% by 2030. In 2005, cardiovascular disease accounted for approximately 30% (17.5 million) of deaths due to noncommunicable disease. Cancer accounted for 7.6 million and diabetes for 1.2 million deaths in the same year. Analysis of Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)2, the most widely used summary measure of the burden of disease, shows that nearly half of the global burden of disease is caused by noncommunicable diseases, compared with 13% by injuries and 39% by communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal, and nutritional deficiencies combined. Contrary to commo... WHO estimates that in 2005, 80% of deaths due to chronic disease occurred in low and middle countries. Nine nations were examined in detail: Brazil, Canada, China, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the Tanzanian Union Republic. Their results indicate that the previously common belief that low and middle income countries should focus on controlling infectious diseases, while high income countries should focus on chronic, noncommunicable diseases, is a misleading one. In countries with low and moderate economic development, the causes of death by chronic disease are mainly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. However, the results of the WHO studies also suggest that low and middle income countries are now facing a more serious dilemma, in that these countries are experiencing increasing incidences of both chronic noncommunicable and infectious disease simultaneously, particularly in urban areas. Chronic disease was once limited to the elderly. However WHO studies have shown that people in low and middle income countries begin suffering from chronic diseases with preventable complications sooner, and are dying earlier, than those in high income countries. According to WHO, at least half of the deaths due to chronic disease occur in people under 70 years of age, and around 25% in people under 60. In China, chronic disease has begun to appear in significant proportions in young people as well as the elderly - 85% of cases of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer now affect those aged 14-64. The Chinese minister of disease control and prevention, Mr. Qi Xiao Qiu, has said that at present, the burden of disease in China is noncommunicable disease. Recent national reports suggest there are at least 160
Monday, August 12, 2019
Goodwill and routine emails Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1
Goodwill and routine emails - Essay Example I encourage you to consider the power of the written word. Please review the following website to gain valuable insight about how to best make this happen: http://csun.edu/vcecn006/email.html. 5) No personal emails are to be sent from any company computer. Please remember that our resources are limited, and we need to reserve space on our sever strictly for communication with our clients. This includes no forwarding of emails and no mass emails to company departments, without approval of your immediate supervisor. I realize that change is difficult at first, but this new policy is being implemented in an effort to step up the level of great service we already offer to our clients. We need to begin carefully consider how we reach out to our customers and how the words we say impact our ability to close the sale. While these changes are non-negotiable, I certainly understand that you may have some questions about them. Please know that my door is always open and I am available to help explain the rationale behind these decisions. In addition, my management team stands at the ready to help you implement these changes. You will, for example, want to create folders in your inbox in order to retain and organize your messages. This can be done with ease, but it would be helpful to know some shortcuts to make that transition simple and painless. Please begin scheduling times with your team if you need assistance. Remember that the company email policy does go into effect on Monday, so I hope that each of you spends the remainder of the week getting yourselves prepared. As mentioned in our course readings, it is important to write professional emails in a business setting. Since emails are meant to simulate verbal conversations, we need to ensure that we maintain a proper tone in our communication. This involves, among other things, avoiding all capital letters, alternative font
Sunday, August 11, 2019
Mandatory Recycling in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Mandatory Recycling in the USA - Essay Example Air pollution that coming from the process of burning fossil fuels is one of the common factors that causes acid rain. (U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999) In other words, electric utility plants are among the major sources of emitted sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that are present in the atmostphere. As explained by Science, global warming and the nitrogen oxide present in the acid rain could cause negative impact on the environment aside from declining the annual crop yields due to the presence of flood caused by typhoon and/or prolonged hot season that often leads to the growth of new pesticides and fungicides. (Hampton, 2008; Union of Concerned Scientists, 2006) For this reason, income from agricultural activities becomes lesser. On the other hand, the thinning of the ozone layer could cause human beings to suffer from skin cancer and other related health detriments. (The Daily Galaxy, 2007) Aside from causing serious damage on agricultural products, acid rain could also severely damage our natural sources of water such as lakes and streams. (U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999) Given the fact that trees absorb water from the ground, there is a higher chance that trees and other plants would die caused by high amount of acid found in the ocean, lakes, streams, rivers, and water reservoir. For this reason, forest degradation is most likely to occur.
Saturday, August 10, 2019
How Decisions in Customer Service will Impact the Level of Sales and Essay
How Decisions in Customer Service will Impact the Level of Sales and the Ultimate Profitability of the Organization - Essay Example A lot of companies have invested significant resources in into developing the quality of customer service in their companies in order to increase customer satisfaction and increase the level of customers who become loyal to the company. Gilbert and Veloutsou (2006) acknowledge that indeed customers are the key to long term business success, profitability and growth. In response to a business environment that is increasingly competitive, a growing number of companies are increasingly using their customer service personnel to build long term relationships with clients, with different organizations adopting IT based strategies in order to better manage their customer relationships. The benefits of a satisfied customer are recognized widely in marketing as well as management literature (Sui-Hua Yu, 2007; Palic, Maricic, & Kovac, 2011). Indeed various research have linked a positive relationship between high quality customer service, o customer loyalty in terms of repeated purchases, cros s buying behavior and reduce price sensitiveness of the consumers (Ibrahim & Najjar, 2008; Oliver, 1997; Bloemer & Odekerken-Schroder, 2002; Yu, Shean-Yuh, & Yu-Yi, 2011). ... Problem Statement Most organizations have to deal with the issues of high quality customer service and the impact that such services have on corporate profitability in their course of business. This research considers the relation between these two specifically analyzing the impact that customer service decisions have on company sales and hence profitability. Company sales and profitability are in this case impacted by high customer loyalty due to their satisfaction with the quality of services that they receive. Over the past two decades there has been an increase in customer focused strategies towards increasing company growth. Notably in the new economics of customer service orientation, customers are the central concern of the management of any of any organization. In this sense, the management focuses on factors that drive profitability within the service paradigm ranging from training and development of customer service, compensation that is linked to performance, investment in customer service management systems, and investment in frontline employees (Heskett, Jones, Loveman, Sasser, Jr, & Schlesinger, 2008). There has been a wide array of research that has been carried out on the connection between customer service, customer loyalty and the impact that these have on profitability within an organization. While a lot of study have focused on fast consumer moving goods or the financial products or service (Bloemer & Odekerken-Schroder, 2002; Yu, Shean-Yuh, Yu-Yi, 2011; Sui-Hua Yu, 2007; Palic, Maricic, & Kovac, 2011), none has looked into the mass merchandising sector. This paper focuses on this sector by analyzing consumer shopping behavior and customer service in Beira Mar Mall, which houses a wide array of stores
Friday, August 9, 2019
Roman and Egyptian Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Roman and Egyptian Technology - Research Paper Example Horses and donkeys were domesticated roughly between 3000 BC and 4000 BC, while camels were domesticated between 2000 BC and 3000 BC, with the exact dates unavailable. By 3100 BC, Egyptians had invented sailing boats made of papyrus reeds tied together. However, the sails were weak and only useful when sailing unidirectional. Around 2700 BC, Egyptians made wooden ships for trade in the sea. They were steered using a long oar. On the other hand, the Romans built networks of roads in the empire for easy movement of the Roman army from one part of the empire to the other. The wealthy members of the empire used covered wagons on long journeys or horses (Olson 13). The Romans also had merchant ships famously called cortia, which had the ability to over 1000 tons of cargo. They had a single mast that carried the rectangular sail, though some others had small sails at the stern and bow. Similar to the Egyptians, the ships used oars for steering, though they had lighthouses for guidance. The fall of the Roman Empire was a blow to the transport system. Major roads in Europe became dirt tracks and mud in winter. The rudder was a European (earlier, the Roman Empire) invention that went a long way in the steering of ships. In addition, ships became advanced with the rudder and compasses, with three masts in addition by the 15th century. Turnpike roads opened in 1663, with the Bridgewater canal completion at the end of the 18th century. The nineteenth century saw the invention of the railways and steam locomotives, followed by horse drawn omnibuses in 1829 and the first car in 1886 by Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler (Danver 265). At the same time, steam turbines by Charles Parsons improved sea transport. Another interesting ancient technology is that of braces. According to archeologists and the American Association Orthodontists, there have been several discoveries of mummified ancients bearing metal bands around individual teeth. The Etruscans (Roman precursors) buried the ir dead dental appliances used to maintain dentition and space. In addition, a Roman tomb discovered in Egypt had a mummy whose teeth were bound by gold wire (Archwired). Additionally to note is the recordings of finger pressure treatment of teeth by Aurelius Cornelius Celsus during the time of Christ. Nonetheless, there were no significant orthodontic events occurring before the 17th century. The first publications on teeth straitening were in 1792. Astronomy, the natural science dealing with celestial objects, also dates back thousands of years ago. In ancient Egypt, people believed that the universe was an enormous rectangular box with Egypt at the center and huge lamps hanging down as the stars (Nicholson and Shaw 321). Similarly, most other cultures held the same concept with their cultures at the center of the world. Nonetheless, the ancient cultures, especially in Egyptian and Roman, were held back from technological development for investigating the cosmos by their beliefs i n their many unpredictable gods. The Jews, which was the only culture that worshipped God, had a positive influence on the science through the bible. The Greeks were the first ancient culture to become aware of their surroundings. In fact, the word astronomy is a derivative from the Greek words ââ¬Å"law and orderâ⬠. However, the Greeks were not the only culture to try their hands on astronomy, but
HOW USEFUL IS A HUMAM RIGHTS DISCOURSE TO THE STUDY OF GENDER AND Essay
HOW USEFUL IS A HUMAM RIGHTS DISCOURSE TO THE STUDY OF GENDER AND CRIMEDRAW ON EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT YOUR AGUMENT - Essay Example person is always seen to be more aggressive than his female counterpart (Bess, 2005), and thus according to a stereotyped mindset, it is very natural to associate violent crimes exclusively with male criminals. Criminologists from times immemorial have been dealing the issue of crimes without keeping the gender perspective in focus. There is no doubt that there have always been women who committed crimes, but no importance was relegated to them, marking them as just as an aberration. The general feeling was what Wootton more than 50 years earlier, had expressed, ââ¬Å"If men behaved like women, the courts would be idle and the prisons emptyâ⬠(1959, 32). However, in modern times, specially starting from the 1990s, perspectives have changed and many recent studies pertaining to crime have been made, keeping the gender differences in mind. More than thirty years ago Carol Smart had published her book Women, Crime and Criminology, where she had mentioned that criminology is ââ¬Ë gender blindââ¬â¢, and therefore as a subject, the study of criminology remained incomplete and unconsummated (Smart, 1976). In fact, before the second wave of feminism came in around 1960, the argument put forward by the poststructuralists that the sociology study till then had been predisposed to generalise the male forbearance, is correct to some extent. A look at the past legal records will reveal that the number of women who came to the court as a defendant, or a witness, or an overseer, is surprisingly ambiguous (Beattie, 1974-5), the exception being for cases that were looked upon as typical feminine ones. Such a mindset arose mainly from the cultural and social stereotypes that were prevalent during the nineteenth, and a greater part of the twentieth century, which led to the court records being interpreted and maintained according to these pre conceived assumptions. This article will take a look at this topic of the deviances in gender crimes and their varying patterns, and will explore
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