The Poetry of e.e. cummings Essay - 3340 Words

The Poetry of e.e. cummings The poems to come are for you and for me and are not for most people. --its no use trying to pretend that mostpeople and ourselves are alike. Mostpeople have less in common with ourselves than the squarerootofminusone. You and I are human beings;mostpeople are snobs. Take the matter of being born. What does being born mean to mostpeople? Catastrophe unmitigated. Socialrevolution. The cultured aristocrat yanked out of his hyperexclusively ultravoluptuous superpalazzo, and dumped into an incredibly vulgar detentioncamp swarming with every conceivable species of undesirable organism. Mostpeople fancy a guaranteed birthproof safetysuit of nondestructible selflessness. If mostpeople were to be born twice†¦show more content†¦They miss his satirical views, his beautiful observations, and his skillful choice of words. This lack of respect for the importance of individual words prompted Cummings attack of most people. His bitterness is directly related to his struggle to get this particular collection of poetry--his seventh--published. Edward Estlin Cummings has always had an affinity for language. Early in life he penned a couplet, which illustrates his reliance on the power of simple observation: O, the pretty birdie, O; with his little toe,toe,toe! (Norman, 1958, p. 26) This appreciation for ones ability to observe and interpret was influenced by Cummings upbringing. Born on October 14, 1894, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Edward Estlin had the gift of caring, intelligent, progressive parents. His father, Edward, graduated from Harvard in 1883, with a degree in philosophy. He then studied at Oxford, with the Reverend Samuel A. Barnett and Professor Estlin Carpenter (who made enough of an impression on the young Edward to cause him to choose to name his son after him.) Edward Cummings went on to teach political economy and sociology at Harvard until 1900. His instruction was praised with the following commendation: As a teacher at Harvard he was human, alert, and stimulating (Norman, p. 17). These attributes would eventuallyShow MoreRelatedEssay about E.E. Cummings: The Birth of Modern Poetry1882 Words   |  8 Pageslove, and life. Like a great poet, E.E. Cummings employed his past experiences in his poetry and life. Known as one of the preeminent p oets of the 20th century, E.E. Cummings poetry has received an array of both positive and negative criticism. Nonetheless, Cummings’s poetry has inspired many poets and authors with his liberal views on love, nature, and religion along with his modern writing style. Although many criticized his contemporary style, E.E. Cummings modernized the traditional views ofRead More Visual Effects Created By E.E. Cummings In His Poetry Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesVisual Effects Created By E.E. Cummings In His Poetry Edward Estlin Cummings, commonly referred to as E. E. Cummings, was born on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was a source of vast knowledge and was responsible for many creative works other than his poetry, such as novels, plays, and paintings. He published his first book of poetry Tulips and Chimneys in 1923. Many of his poems are known for the visual effects they create through his unusual placement of words on the pageRead More Modernist Poets E.E. Cummings, Wallace Stevens, and T.S. Eliot Change the Face of American Poetry1710 Words   |  7 PagesModernist Poets E.E. Cummings, Wallace Stevens, and T.S. Eliot Change the Face of American Poetry Modernist poets such as E.E. Cummings, Wallace Stevens, and T.S. Eliot changed the face of American poetry by destroying the notion that American culture is far inferior to European culture. These and other American poets accomplished the feat of defining an American poetic style in the Modern Era by means of a truly American idea. That idea is the melting pot. Just as American culture exists asRead MoreHe was made famous for his unique poetry about sex and immature topics E.E. Cummings is the name of500 Words   |  2 PagesHe was made famous for his unique poetry about sex and immature topics E.E. Cummings is the name of this poet who lived from 1894 through 1962. Cummings was a unique person with an equally unique life and unsuccessful love life that shaped his award winning unique writing style. E.E. Cummings was born in Boston, Massachusetts on September 3rd, 1962. Cummings’ dad was a professor at Harvard who turned into a Unitarian pasture. His mother had encouraged Cummings to write and to always keep a journalRead MorePoet Portrait: E.E. Cummings Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesPoet Portrait: e.e. cummings Introduction: One might not think a renowned poet would speak of making a mark in a toilet in his attempt to make his mark on the world, but e.e. cummings was no ordinary poet. e.e. cummings was a famous poet of the 20th century; is unique style in his poems helped him become the second most commonly known and read poet in the United States during his lifetime (â€Å"E.E. Cummings†). Being raised in a well-educated, literary family; Cummings had a strong background toRead MoreE.E. Cummings and His Wondrous Works634 Words   |  3 PagesEdward Estlin Cummings was born on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cummings began writing his poems as early as ten years old. His unique ideas and various poetic devices that were included in his poetry induced him to be one of the most remembered poets of modern day time. E.E. Cummings was an intriguing poet that is known for many poetic ideas. Among them, Cummings was known for his ability to create meaning using structure and his avant ga rde approach towards language. In his workRead MoreAnalysis Of E. Ee Cummings1103 Words   |  5 PagesEdward Estlin Cummings, better known as E.E. Cummings was an American poet whose experimentation lead to innovative, unique pieces of literature. Involving â€Å"language of the streets† as well as â€Å"eccentric punctuation and phrases† allowed him to develop his own personal style which differed greatly from the traditional style of poetry (The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica 1). Known for his concise and sparing works of literature, Cummings’ recognizable style is displayed in his works not only inRead MoreE.E. Cummings Edward Estlin Cummins was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on October 14, 1894 and800 Words   |  4 PagesE.E. Cummings Edward Estlin Cummins was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on October 14, 1894 and died on September 3, 1962 in, New Hampshire. He was 67 and was buried at Forest hills Cemetery. He was married twice very briefly, his first wife was Elaine Orr, but their marriage started off as a love affair in 1918 while she was also married to Scofirled Thayer, one of Cummings friend from Harvard. During the course of their marriage Cummings wrote a lot of erotic poetry. During the affair theyRead MoreEssay about E.E. Cummings612 Words   |  3 PagesEdward Estlin Cummings is a famous poet and novelist. A true man of the arts, he also enjoyed playwrights, painting, and drawing. His lifetime lasting from 1894-1962 was vivaciously lived! He spent a large portion of his life in his birth state, Massachusetts, although certain life events lead him beyond the United States. Cummings served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and was a volunteer in an ambulance unit as well. A great portion of his life was also dedicated to his Harvard educationRead MoreRobert Frost and E.E. Cumings Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost and E.E. Cummings Poetry is considered to be a representational text in which one explores ideas by using symbols. Poetry can be interpreted many different ways and is even harder to interpret when the original author has come and gone. Poetry is an incredible form of literature because the way it has the ability to use the reader as part of its own power. In other words, poetry uses the feelings and past experiences of the reader to interpret things differently from one to another

Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(63) " installations was used for both pediatric and big scrutinies\." Handiness and the usage of X-ray equipment in both private and authorities infirmaries is on the addition today in developed and developing states. Quality control of such equipment is of peculiar importance to forestall evitable high doses, radiation escapes and to guarantee dose optimisation. The consequences of quality control in this survey indicate that the end product measured in GHL ( M2 ) ranged between 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0318 and 0.1192 mGy ( ma ) -1, while comparatively higher values which ranged from 0.0762 to 0.2156 mGy ( ma ) -1 was found in four other infirmaries. The tubing electromotive force truth measured indicates fluctuation among the infirmaries investigated. The divergence in electromotive force truth ranged between 0.9 and 10.9 % in the two units of GHL ( M1 and M2 ) . In the three other infirmaries the scope of divergences are 0.2 to 0.5 % ( PSH ) , 45.5 to 72.7 % ( NOH, the highest ) 22.9 to 23.3 % ( NARH ) . Both GHL ( M1 ) and PSH complied with the demand of  ± 5 % . As regard timer truth, one-dimensionality of the tubing current and beam alliance ; NOH and NARH exceeded the acceptable bounds of  ±5 % ,  ±10 % and  ±3 % severally. The effect of non-compliance in most portion include: repetition exposures, more disbursals and more significantly, extra dosage to the patient. Keywords: Quality confidence, quality control, environmental monitoring, radiation, X-ray end product Introduction In Nigeria, X-rays is the most often used ionizing radiation in medical specialty despite progresss in magnetic resonance imagination and ultrasound techniques. It has maintained a cardinal function in diagnosing of diseases, hurt and in X-ray therapy. In consequence it is the largest manmade beginning of ionising radiation to the universe population ( ICRP, 1991 ; UNSCEAR, 1993 ; Muhogora and Nyanda, 2001 ) . X ray is the major subscriber to the effectual dosage of both the patient and the forces. Because of the radiological hazards involved, it is normally recommended that dosage to patient from X-ray be kept every bit low as moderately accomplishable ( ALARA ) with equal image quality ( IAEA, 1996 ) . In add-on, programmes for diagnostic imagination sections, irrespective of the size, should at least contain the undermentioned constituents: equipment quality control, administrative duties, hazard direction and radiation safety programme. Equipment quality control unit carries out rating of equipment public presentation to guarantee proper image quality, every bit good as patient and operator safety ( Papp, 2002 ) . Furthermore, radiation safety unit is to guarantee that patient exposure is kept every bit low as moderately accomplishable and that departmental forces, medical staff and members of the general populace are protected from overexposure to ionising radiation. Presently, there are far above 4000 X-ray machines in Nigeria ( Elegba, 2006 ) out of which less than 5 % are under regulative control. These thereby pose a great jeopardy to the patient, forces and challenges to the regulative organic structure in Nigeria. As a consequence of handiness of X-ray installations, some new while others are 2nd manus ( known locally as Tokunbo ) , there has been a changeless addition in the figure and frequence of X-ray scrutinies in recent times. In Northwestern part of Nigeria for illustration, a study of 124 establishments with beginnings of ionising radiation indicates that 203 X-ray installings were found with merely 90 sealed radiation beginnings ( Mallam et al. , 2004 ) . In the same study, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital ( ABUTH ) complex on norm carries out over 250 diagnostic X-ray scrutinies per twenty-four hours in the three infirmary installations located in Zaria, Kaduna and Malunfasi. The population of the open persons and the fre quence of exposure is an indicant that one-year collective dosage to patient can be rather important. The quality control ( QC ) programme comprises the regular testing that must be carried out on each major constituent of the system to guarantee optimal public presentation within the system ( West,1993 ) . In diagnostic radiology QC trial is carried out to guarantee that a high quality diagnostic image is produced for a minimal radiation dosage to the patient ( NRPB, 1988 ) . The major equipment in diagnostic radiology to which quality control can be applied include X-ray production, sensing, image processing and image viewing equipment among others. The equipment testing is coupled with everyday environmental monitoring and appraisal of image quality ( Oluwafisoye et al. , 2009 ) . ( 1.1 ) Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority ( NNRA ) Due to the hurtful effects of ionising radiation, the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority ( NNRA ) was established by the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act of 1995. This national regulative organic structure is charged with primary duty of atomic safety and radiation protection. The Act empowered the NNRA to categorise and licence activities affecting exposure to ionising radiation in peculiar, the ownership, production, processing, industry, purchase, sale, import, export, managing, usage, transmutation, transportation, trading, assignment, conveyance, storage, and disposal of any radioactive stuffs, atomic stuffs, radioactive waste, and any equipment breathing ionising radiation. In this respect, the NNRA in her papers made proviso for minimal demand for the equipment care in line with international regulative policies. As portion of the attempt at heightening safety in the usage of ionising radiation in Nigeria, the National Institute of Radiation Protection and Research ( NIRPR ) was established under the counsel of NNRA. The Institute trains forces in the radiation protection. The present measurings were conducted to look into the suitableness of the quality control trials and the stated tolerance degrees for assorted X-ray equipment at four Nigerian infirmaries. Additionally, environmental radiation supervising around the installations was carried out to determine the safety degree of both the patient and forces. ( 2 ) MATERIALS AND METHODS Quality control trial ( kVp truth and duplicability, mAs one-dimensionality ) of four government-owned infirmaries, one general infirmary ( GHL ) , two specializer infirmaries [ Psychiatric infirmary ( PSH ) and National Orthopaedic infirmary ( NOH ) ] and one military infirmary ( NARH ) , all located in Lagos were carried out. The GHL has two functional X-ray units depicted as machine 1 ( M1 ) and machine 2 ( m 2 ) . The probe was carried out with the aid of the staff of the radiology section of each infirmary. Meanwhile, each of the X ray installations was used for both pediatric and big scrutinies. You read "Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In all the infirmaries there was no old exposure and QC informations available. The information use was done utilizing Microsoft Excel, 2003. ( 2.1 ) Measurement of X-ray tubing Output and exposure clip merchandise X-ray tubing end product is the sum of exposure, in millirontgens ( Mister ) delivered to a point in the Centre of the utile X-ray beam at a distance of 1 meter from the focal topographic point for 1 ma of negatron passing through the tubing. The end product expresses the ability of the tubing to change over electronic energy into X-ray exposure. X-ray tubing end product is the individual most of import parametric quantity to quantify radiation output ( Zoetelief et al, 2006 ) . The free-in-air exposure, FAE ( Mister ) was measured utilizing mill calibrated KV metre ( US made Victoreen X-ray trial device, theoretical account 4000 M+ ) obtained from the Department of Physics ( DOP ) University of Ibadan. The consistence of X-ray tubing end product with the tubing current ( ma ) or tube current exposure-time merchandise ( ma ) was measured for the scope of ma or ma values used in pattern. The sensor ( KV metre ) measures the mean, effectual and maximal extremum tubing electromotive for ce, power stage, exposure and exposure clip. This system determines the tubing electromotive force with truth of  ± 2 % ( Victoreen, 1995 ) . The internal ionisation chamber that measures exposure has volume of 36 cm3. The exposure clip is measured to an truth of  ± 2 % . The FAE ( Mister ) measured is converted into end product in mGy ( ma ) -1 by multiplying by a factor 0.00877/ ma ( Chang Jong and Hui- Yu, 1999 ) where ma in the denominator is the merchandise of the tubing current and exposure clip set at the clip of measuring of the end product. ( 2.2 ) Environmental Monitoring and General Observations The guiding rule used in all regulative paperss is that, radiation doses to the populace and to the people who work with radiation must be kept every bit low as moderately accomplishable ( ALARA rule ) . In kernel, radiation workers and the patient should be monitored at all times when working. The ground for this monitoring is to guarantee that the pattern being followed by the workers in their day-to-day modus operandi are safe and do non ensue in high doses being received. In the present survey, the dose rate at different points of involvement ( the console, entryway door behind the wall, patient waiting seats ) was measured with radiation sensor ( radiation proctor 4 minirad 1000+ ) . This device measures radiation dosage rate in ?Sv/ hour. ( 2.3 ) Optical and Radiation Field Congruence/ Beam Alignment The beam control system is required for modulating the size of X-ray field country. Therefore, it plays an of import function in dose delivered to the patient because it controls the sum of patient surface country exposed to radiation and image contrast ( due to scattered radiation ) . The parametric quantities taken into consideration in beam control system include ; beam alliance, optical radiation field congruity, truth of the x Y graduated tables and illuminator bulb brightness. In this survey optical radiation field and beam alliance were examined. ( 2.4 ) Ocular reviews One of the three parts of a quality control programme for a radiographic installation is ocular review. This portion includes look intoing the chief constituents of the equipment for proper operation, safety and good mechanical status. It is expected that they should include ; protective lead dress, lead shield of the cell wall, overhead tubing Crane, radiographic tabular array, control panel and other installations such as door and automatic visible radiation. ( 3 ) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five X-ray units in four infirmaries were investigated in the survey. Both the QC and environmental appraisal of the installations were carried out. Table 1 presents the radiographic equipment information at assorted infirmaries investigated. The old ages of industry of the equipment scope from 9 to 31 old ages, while the twelvemonth of installing is between 5 and 31 old ages. The consequence of age on the end product of an X-ray machine is good documented ( Mallam et al. , 2004, Ogundare et al. 2004 ) . ( 3.1 ) X ray tubing Output The consequence of X-ray tubing end product at a distance of 1m each from the focal point of five X-ray units are presented in Table 2. The values of end product obtained in GHL ( M2 ) are comparatively low, those measured in GHL ( M1 ) are higher than those found in M2. It ranged from 0.0318 to 0.1192 mGy ( ma ) -1. However, higher end products are found at the same electromotive force in PSH and NOH. As an illustration, at 80kVp the end products are 0.0796, 0.1676, 0.2156 and 0.0762 mGy ( ma ) -1 for GHL ( M1 ) , PSH, NOH and NARH severally. The fluctuation in the end product could be attributed to the wave form, anode stuff, filtration, and tube age and anode surface harm. Knowledge of the end product value for a given X-ray tubing permits the finding of both patient and movie exposures. It is besides used in the computation of Entrance Surface Dose ( ESD ) delivered to the patient at the point where the X-ray beam enters the patient. This dosimetry parametric quantity ( ESD ) giv es the perspective appraisal of absorbed dosage to the patient. Although the entryway surface dosage is a hapless hazard index, it can be used to gauge the effectual dosage ( ED ) which better quantifies patient hazard ( Gkanatsios and Huda,1997 ) . The fluctuation in the end product among the infirmaries could take to fluctuation in doses delivered to the patients during the scrutinies. The consistence of X-ray tubing end product with ma was measured for a scope of ma for the five X-ray units at different electromotive forces. The consequences are presented in figures 1-3. Furthermore, consequences of end product measured at different kVp above 80 kVp ( GHL and NARH ) show strong correlativity with ma, nevertheless, the end products measured at lower electromotive force of 60 and 75 kVp indicate weak correlativity with ma. The X-ray tubing and the anode current are extremely stabilized at this point ( Suliman and Elshiekh, 2008 ) . The consequences of the tubing electromotive force truth for five X-ray units investigated are presented in tabular arraies 3a-3d. The tabular arraies show the tubing electromotive force set, the tubing electromotive force measured and the magnitude of divergence. It should be noted that the magnitude of divergence in kVp vary from infirmary to infirmary. In GHL, the divergence ranged between 0.9 and10.9 % for the two machines ( M1 and M2 ) . The scopes of magnitude of divergence for the three other infirmaries are ; 0.2 to 0.5 % , 45.5 to 72.7 % ( highest in this survey ) and 22.9 to 23.3 % in PSH, NOH and NARH severally. Both m1 ( GHL ) and PSH comply with the demand of  ± 5 % , while M2 ( GHL ) , NOH and NARH exceeded the demand. The grounds for higher divergence in kVp found in NOH and NARH are multifactorial. The European Commission recommended a high technique of 125 kilovolts IAEA ( 1995 ) which likely consequences in low doses, but the radiotherapists prefer the higher contrast thorax radiogram which consequences from low kVp. Earlier study indicated that increasing the tubing potency ( kVp ) from 8-13 kilovolt in lumbar and pectoral spinal column scrutiny resulted in a dose decrease of 26-36 % ( Martin et al, 1993 ) . The higher divergences outside the tolerance bound as obtained in the present survey show disagreements in kVp between the measured and the set values particularly if the tubings are non adequately maintained. Furthermore, the overly high divergence between the set and the measured kVp could cut down the image contrast ( Livingstone et al, 2004 ) . The unexpected elevated value of proficient parametric quantities which consequences from defective machine could impact both patient dosage and image quality. The tendencies found in GHL ( M2 ) , NOH and NARH require regular and repeated QC trials. ( 3.2 ) Quality Control ( QC ) Trial Table 4 is the sum-up of the QC trials carried out on the equipment at different infirmaries. The kVp truth trials show conformity with acceptable bound in GHL ( M1 and M2 ) and PSH while NOH and NARH show non-compliance with acceptable bound of 5 % . As respects the kVp consistence, similar tendency is found in the infirmaries as those found in kVp truth. In footings of timer truth, it is postulated that exposure clip straight affect the entire measure of radiation emitted from an X-ray tubing. Therefore, an accurate exposure timer is critical for decently exposed radiogram and sensible patient radiation exposure. Both GHL and PSH met the the acceptable variableness bound. Since the timer truth in NOH and NARH are above the bound of acceptableness, it is expected that the radiation dosage delivered to the patient will be higher than the expected value required to bring forth the movie. Furthermore, the one-dimensionality of tubing current ( ma ) and beam alliance of both NOH and NARH fell abruptly of the acceptable bound of 10 % and 3 % severally. Regulation of X-ray tubing filament temperature ( along with the exposure clip find the quality of X raies in the X-ray beam ) is done with millampere picker in an X-ray generator. The beam limitation system is required for modulating the size of the X-ray field country. The mechanism contro ls the sum of patient anatomy exposed to radiation beam ( Papp, 2002 ) . This plays a cardinal function in patient dose and image contrast. The addition in country increases the production of the scattered radiation, hence higher patient dosage and wellness hazard. The non-compliance of optical radiation field and radiation field congruity may stem from the displacement in mechanism that moves the shutter, doing improper public presentation. This leads to higher patient dosage and repetition images ( consequence in more movies being used and more disbursals ) . ( 3.3 ) Forces Distribution The saloon chart in figure 4 shows the distribution of forces. It indicates that two classs of forces are losing ; Radiation Protection Officer/ Medical Physicist and Record Officer. The tendency is similar to the earlier work reported elsewhere ( Oluwafisoye et al. , 2009 ) . The tendency shows that radiation protection of the patients, visitants and forces is non the preoccupation of the direction of the infirmaries investigated. The absence of the record officers indicate that record maintaining at the infirmaries is far from being equal. A record maintaining system is necessary to document the quality control processs, the figure of culls and other activities traveling on at the X-ray units of the infirmary. ( 3.4 ) Visual/ General Observations The consequence of ocular observations is presented in table 5. It shows that all the basic constituents inspected were functional except LED index on the control panel found in GHL ( M2 ) . Table 6 shows the general observations carried out at assorted infirmaries investigated. Columns 1 and 2 show that the chief door taking to the X-ray room is non lead-lined. Columns 3 and 4 indicate that merely NOH has efficient 2nd door and lead-lined. The cells of the four infirmaries are efficient. This indicates that the interior decorator of the console put in topographic point equal steps that prevent the technicians from immaterial beams during exposures. The doors to the units lack automatic control, connoting that during the exposure the doors do non shut automatically as a consequence, controlled entree to the country where radiation exposure may be taking topographic point is non ensured. Lead apron was non provided in NARH. Nevertheless, the lead apron provided in GHL was non efficien t. Regulation for good pattern stipulates that lead aprons and baseball mitts should be available in the radiographic room and have a lower limit of 0.5 millimeters of lead tantamount thickness ( Papp,2002 ) . It is besides apparent that technique charts were losing in all the units, an indicant that technique parametric quantities are chosen at random by the radiographers responsible for the exposure of the patient. This could take to hapless matching of patient size and technique parametric quantities. Furthermore, warning visible radiation was non provided in any of the units to warn visitants or other forces of the exposure traveling on in the X-ray room. The forces monitoring badge was merely available in NOH, bespeaking that forces dose supervising in GHL, PSH and NARH are non-existent. ( 3.5 ) Dose degree Consequence of environmental dose monitoring at the chosen locations within and in the immediate environment of each of the X-ray units investigated is presented in table 7. The consequences in all the five units indicate that the dose rate measured at the sofa are by and large really high. At the border of the cell the dosage rates recorded are greater than the background dosage rate by a factor of 7, 20, and 10 in GHL ( M1 ) , PSH and NARH, severally. The dose rate measured within the cell is comparable to the background. This status is safe for the radiographer ; nevertheless, the dose rate is high within the entryway door in GHL ( M1 ) and NARH, it is greater than the background dosage rate by a factor of 6 and 7.5 each. In add-on, the dose rate measured at the waiting anteroom of the patients is comparable with the background dosage rate in PSH and NARH, but higher than the background dosage rate by a factor of 10 in NOH. The high dosage rate experienced in NOH could be attribut ed to damaged door of the X-ray units. Another possible account for the high dosage rate at the waiting anteroom is the direct nexus between the anteroom and the X-ray machine. It is interesting to observe that there were no escapes experienced in the five X-ray units investigated as reported in the earlier survey carried out in Nigeria ( Oluwafisoye et al. , 2009 ) . Apparently, this present survey is the first QC trial and environmental monitoring attempts carried out in the five X-ray units in four infirmaries investigated. This is an indicant that the consequences are preliminary against which future measurings could be compared. Besides, the usage of thermoluminescent dosemeters ( TLD ) for the forces monitoring has ne’er been undertaken in the five units. Personnel monitoring is indispensable, since there is a nexus between the ionizing radiation and coevals of reactive O series [ ROS ] ( Cohen, 2002 ) . These ROS have been implicated in the etiology of over 100 diseases. Radiation is one of the major exogenic beginnings of free groups in adult male and it has been proved that ionising radiation produces ROS in biological system capable of destructing biomolecules such as DNA, lipoids, proteins and saccharide ( Olisekodiaka et al. , 2009 ) . Workers runing X-ray equipment are exposed to long term low doses of ionising radiation which may impact their antioxidant position. Consequences of the QC trials and monitoring were sent to the direction of the four infirmaries investigated. In Addition, recommendations on the necessity of regular QC trial were forwarded to each infirmary for necessary actions. ( 4 ) Decision Quality control trials of five X-ray units are undertaken with intent of safety and dose optimisation in the X-rays Centres investigated. The ages of three out of five machines are good over 10 old ages. In add-on, the divergence of the measured kVp from set value on the control panel varied among the infirmaries. Two out of the five machines complied with the needed criterion of pattern, while three exceeded the demand. The QC trial carried out on kVp truth and consistence show non- conformity in two infirmaries. The distribution of forces show that, the preoccupation of the authorization of the X-ray unit investigated was the quality of the radiogram produced at the disbursal of safety of the patient. The fluctuation in the end product of the assorted tubing is an indicant that doses among the infirmaries differ. In each of the X-ray units investigated there was no specialised installation to execute pediatric scrutinies and movie screening. How to cite Assessment Of Equipment Diagnostic Radiology Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Audit Quality Assessment-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Identify and Discuss what you Consider are the key elements that can Impact audit quality. 2.How is Audit Quality Assessed? 3.What recommendations can be Implemented in order to enhance the Quality of an Audit? Answers: Introduction In todays business environment, Auditing is considered as one of the major aspects. Auditing refers to the process of conducting official financial inspections of the financial and accounting statements of the business organizations (Arens, Elder and Mark 2012). More specifically, auditing is the process of examining the financial statements of the companies in order to make sure that they are free from any kind of material misstatements. Thus, it is required for every business organizations to have their financial statements audited (William Jr, Glover and Prawitt 2016). Most importantly, it is the responsibility of the auditors to maintain the quality of their audit program at the time of audit assessment. It can be seen that external accounting professionals are appointed for assessing the quality of audit operations. Hence, maintaining audit quality is important for the auditors. It needs to be mentioned that there are some major factors that have impacts on the audit quality (Lo uwers et al. 2015). At the same time, it is required to follow a certain procedure at the time of audit quality assessment. Thus, the main aim of this report is to analyze and evaluate various aspects of audit quality assessment. The following part of the report discusses various aspects of audit quality and audit quality assessment. 1.Key Elements that has Impact on Audit Quality According to the above discussion, there are certain factors that have impact on the audit quality. Thus, it is required for the auditors to consider all the factors. The major factors having impact on audit quality are discussed below: The first factor is Internal Control. Internal control provides necessary assurance to the auditors for the achievements of audit objectives. For this reason, the auditors need to consider the internal control of the companies at the time of audit operation, as the weaknesses of internal control are subjects to be investigated (ijbssnet.com 2017). Thus, the effectiveness of internal control has impact on audit quality. The next crucial factor is the Size of Audit Firms. Due to the difficulties in the measurement of audit quality, many researchers consider the size of audit firm as a major factor having impact on the audit quality. It has been seen that large audit firms use more powerful tests for assessing the audit quality. As a result of this, large audit firms are assumed to be involved with more specific audit information as compared to the small firms. The next factor is Fees of the Auditors. Many researcher consider that there is a relationship between audit quality and audito rs fees (Knechel et al. 2012). The audit services are considered as quality-differentiated in the competitive market and the quality differentiated are reflected in audit fees. For this reason, the companies are willing to pay higher amount of fees in order to get higher audit quality. The next important factor is Auditors Independence. Independent audit committee helps in the enhancement of external auditors independence and it makes sure that the auditors are free from any kind of managerial influence. Thus, auditors independence is considered as the heart of integrated audit process thus, auditors are able to provide high quality of audit by complying with the principles of auditors independence (Gruen et al. 2012). The next important factor is Reputation of the Auditors. It needs to be mentioned that the reputation of the auditors has direct relationship with the audit quality of the businesses. According to the investors, audit firms having high reputation are able to provide high quality of audit, as they are able to extract the crucial information for auditing. It is considered that companies build reputations by providing high quality of audit services. The next crucial factor is Industry Specialization. It needs to be mentioned that there is a major relation between audit quality and specialization of industry. It has been observed that there are fundamental differences in the characteristics of error detection methods for different industries. For this reason, auditors having expertise in specific industry will be able to provide quality audit services to the companies. For this reason, it is considered as an important factor. The next important factor is Quality and Proficiency of the Au ditors. The main aim of audit operation is to make sure that the financial statements of the companies are free from any kind of material misstatement. In the audit process, the auditors have to conduct different processes like development of audit plan, development of audit workforce plan and others. For this reason, the auditors need to have specific knowledge in various audit factors. Thus, the auditors having high qualification and knowledge will be able to provide quality audit work. Thus, from the above discussion, it can be seen there are many factors that have impacts on the audit quality of the companies. For this reason, it is the duty of the auditors to take into consideration all these above-mentioned factors of audit quality. 2.Audit Quality Assessment Process Audit Quality Assessment refers to the process of the evaluation of audit program of the companies. Thus, it is necessary for the business organizations to conduct the audit quality assessment. Audit quality assessment can be seen for both internal audit and external audit. The audit quality assessment of both internal and external audit is discussed below: Internal Audit Quality Assessment Some specific stages can be seen in the process of the quality assessment of internal audit. The first step is Internal Assessment. This is considered as one of the major factors for the assessment of audit quality. In this process, certain steps need to be followed for assessing the audit quality; they are planning for engagement, supervision, standardize the working processes, procedures for paperwork, review of reports and others. Most importantly, this particular process helps in the identification of the major strengths and weaknesses of the internal control system. In this process, the auditors of the companies have to comply with the principles and standards of Code of Ethics (theiia.org 2017). The second process is Ongoing Monitoring. Ongoing monitoring of performance is considered as another major process for assessing the quality of audit. Certain processes support the ongoing monitoring processes of internal audit. First, it is required to establish the foundation of inter nal audit activity. Second, it is required to have routine practice for assessing the internal audit quality like supervisory review, approval of work and others. In this aspect, it is required to adequate supervision as it is considered as the most fundamental and important aspect for assessing the quality of internal audit. Another important process under ongoing monitoring is the development of Key performance indicators (KPI) (Gavin et al. 2012). KPIs help the investors and shareholders in providing valuable insight into the internal audit process of the organizations. The next process is Periodic Self-Assessment. This particular process helps in ensuring the fact that the internal audit is complied with all audit standards, code of ethics and regulatory requirements. There are several techniques under periodic self-assessment for assessing the internal audit quality. One of the major techniques under this is survey guide that helps in the monitoring of stakeholders input in the audit process. In this aspect, it is required to mention the fact that in both of the processes, it is required to develop effective audit team for assessing the audit quality. These are the major processes for assessing the internal audit quality. External Audit Quality Assessment In case of quality assessment of external audit, the process of different from internal audit. There are four stages in the assessment of external audit quality. The first step is Planning. In this process, the scope and objectives of quality assessment is set for quality assessment. This process also includes the development of quality assessment team. In addition, the review of workplace is also done in this step. The second step is Off-Site Work. In this process, the review of planning document is done. After that, all the necessary documents are also reviewed for audit quality assessment. Lastly, all the survey responses are reviewed. The next step is On-Site Work (theiia.org 2017). This is a major step in the process of audit quality assessment. In this step, the interviews of clients, staffs and stakeholders are done for audit quality assessment. After that, review of all the documents is done on a thorough basis so that they can be summarized. Lastly in this stage, discusses i s done among the assessment team members. This is a crucial stage as the assessment team taken important decisions regarding quality assessment of external audit system. The next step is Evaluation and Development of Report. In this step, the evaluation of external audit process is done against the resources of the companies in order to measure the effectiveness of external audit (Asthana and Boone 2012). After that, all the issues of external audit is summarized so that effective recommendations can be made. Lastly, the draft report needs to be issued. Thus, based on the above discussion, it can be seen that the above-discussed steps are required for the assessment of external audit process of the companies. Hence, the above discussion shows that the quality assessment process of internal audit and external audit is different. 3.Recommendations to Enhance Audit Quality There are certain ways for enhancing the quality of an audit. Some of those major techniques are discussed below. It is recommended that there needs to be effective leadership in the audit process. It is the responsibility of senior auditors to ensure the fact that the auditing staffs have access to all the necessary resources as well as time to solve different audit engagement issues (aicpa.org 2017). In addition, the senior auditors are required to communicate audit code of conducts with the audit staffs on a regular basis. After that, the quality of audit will be enhanced in case the auditors perform sufficient background check of the audit clients before engagement of any audit operation (journalofaccountancy.com 2017). It is highly recommended that the companies need to hire highly knowledgeable audit experts so that quality audit can be performed for the companies. There is a requirement of effective training and education facilities for the auditing staffs; the main aim of this training and development program is to increase the competency on the auditing staffs (Deng et al. 2014). Next, it is recommended for the establishment of quality control department, as it will help to retrain the quality of audit processes in the organizations. Some of the major benefits of having quality control department are the development of accounting and auditing guidance; provide technical consultation; development of assurance policies and others. It is recommended to the auditors that they should streamline their different audit processes (njcpa.org 2017). In this process, it needs to be ensured that all the auditing staffs are engaged with the audit program. Apart from this, it is also recommended that the auditors are required to increase their industry specialization so that they can conduct audit operations in the companies of all industries. Thus, the above are the key recommendations for enhancing the quality of an audit. Conclusion The main aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate various aspects of audit quality in the business organizations. Based on the above discussion, it can be seen that certain factors have major effects on the audit quality of the companies. Some of those major aspects are internal control, size of the audit firms, fees of the auditors, independence of the auditors, auditors reputations, specialization of industry and quality of the auditors. The above discussion also shows the fact that certain processes or steps are followed at the time of assessing the quality of audit in the companies. However, the audit quality assessment process of internal audit and external audit are different from each other; but the main aim of audit quality assessment to analyze and evaluate the performance of audit process. According to the above study, it can also be seen that the quality of audit can be enhanced with the help of certain techniques; some of them are effective audit leadership, sufficien t background check, hiring of knowledgeable experts, training and development program and others. Thus, based on the whole discussion, it can be concluded that assessment and maintenance of audit quality is an important duty for the auditors References Aicpa.org. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.aicpa.org/InterestAreas/PeerReview/DownloadableDocuments/EAQ-Hlt-Rpt.pdf [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J. and Mark, B., 2012.Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Boston: Prentice Hall. Asthana, S.C. and Boone, J.P., 2012. Abnormal audit fee and audit quality.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(3), pp.1-22. CPAs, N. (2017).9 Strategies to Increase Audit Quality. [online] Njcpa.org. Available at: https://njcpa.org/stay-informed/topics/article/2017/01/06/9-strategies-to-increase-audit-quality [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Deng, M., Lu, T., Simunic, D.A. and Ye, M., 2014. Do joint audits improve or impair audit quality?.Journal of Accounting Research,52(5), pp.1029-1060. Gavin, D.R., Valori, R.M., Anderson, J.T., Donnelly, M.T., Williams, J.G. and Swarbrick, E.T., 2012. The national colonoscopy audit: a nationwide assessment of the quality and safety of colonoscopy in the UK.Gut, pp.gutjnl-2011. Gruen, R.L., Gabbe, B.J., Stelfox, H.T. and Cameron, P.A., 2012. Indicators of the quality of trauma care and the performance of trauma systems.British Journal of Surgery,99(S1), pp.97-104. Ijbssnet.com. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_11_September_2013/20.pdf [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Journal of Accountancy. (2015).AICPA releases 6-point plan to enhance audit quality. [online] Available at: https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2015/may/aicpa-plan-enhance-audit-quality-201512303.html [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Knechel, W.R., Krishnan, G.V., Pevzner, M., Shefchik, L.B. and Velury, U.K., 2012. Audit quality: Insights from the academic literature.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.385-421. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2015.Auditing assurance services. McGraw-Hill Education. Na.theiia.org. (2017). [online] Available at: https://na.theiia.org/services/quality/Public_Documents/Quality-Assessment-Manual-Chapter-3.pdf [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Na.theiia.org. (2017). [online] Available at: https://na.theiia.org/services/quality/Public_Documents/Quality-Assessment-Manual-Chapter-4.pdf [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Introduction Example For Students

Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Introduction Wilfred Owen chose the title Dulce et Decorum Est to disapprove its lie and reveal the sarcasm and irony. Calling the readers my friend, Owen discourages the childrens beliefs in the old lie. Experiencing the devastation of war, Owen got inspired by the intense feelings and emotions to write it out. As a former teacher Owen was completely terrified when he saw the terrible things happening to his young comrades, no different to the children Owen once taught. His use of rhymes, vivid language and imagery phrases point out his expression. The poem describes the fatigue, blindness, death, sufferings, and horrors of war. It shows the everlasting painful conditions of a soldier bent double, trudging through mud with bloody feet and blind eyes, cautious to every second, aware of the death beyond death. Moreover worse, ill with fatal wounds and poisoned lungs. This poem gives a big lead to criticisms to those who would influence war as time for glory. As a poem with an anti-war subject, Owen creates a serious tone with both slow emotional trudging and hasty action. He writes with a battlefield rhythm. This affects the extreme portrayal of war as horrid and dreadful. Owen wanted the reader to take out of the poem the feelings he had placed in it writing. In stanza one Owen wrote with a flowing tone including commas and full stops and separating different lines to make the reader feel it out line by line. It described the daily situation for the soldiers in trenches. For the last stanza Owen used the present continuous tense, omitting full stops to give the sense to the reader that this is happening right now next to them. Finally he added rhyme like any other poem to give it a poetic tone. Starting off with the line, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, tells us how the glorious uniforms of the proud soldiers turned into dirty, torn up sacks similar to the ones a beggar wear. Line 20, His hanging face like a devils sick of sin, conveys how untruthful it is to die for country this way and that the war is worse than the devil itself. Such lines and similes tell the readers what has become of the soldiers who went to the war and the shameful lack of glory of war, opposite to the fame youths dreamed of. The poems written details of the emotions, thoughts and sights of the soldier may not be as precise for the reader as Owens. On this occasion Owen chose similes to provide enough detail for the reader to deliver the idea and images. His similes are highly connected with his images. Through the images he tried to associate war with other parts of human sufferings that one may know, even a person who has never experienced war. The readers emotional and physical reaction towards this poem will support how effective the authors use of imagery is in this poem. The images drunk with fatigue, and coughing like hags, states that the men are in deep tiredness and sick with cancer. Stanza two was brought in with the yell of gas and panic which are described as an ecstasy of fumbling. Images in the second stanza, Green Sea, and like a man in a fire and lime give the intense color of the scene, green. As it is hard for anyone to imagine the devil, Owen brings in an image in the last stanza that is beyond ones mind to picture, Like a devils sick of sin. This tells how horrible the war must be even for the devil to be tired of the sin All these images clearly defines the war as a not time or place for honor and glory. In stanza four Owen chose words such as incurable, bitter and writhing to give the impossibility of recovery for the damage on the innocent tongues, the poor soldiers with innocence and purity. .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c , .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .postImageUrl , .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c , .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c:hover , .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c:visited , .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c:active { border:0!important; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c:active , .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub95b780352ac5e0130a6e3b0aac8355c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Porphyria's Lover" and "Lord Walter's Wife" EssayAlso lots of words with ing endings have been included, exemplified by guttering, choking and drowning. These words helped to achieve the image and struggle of a man dying in gas. The pain and misery which flowed through his body constantly as he plunged at Owen. One of the most powerful words that was chosen was gargling. Simply the pronunciation of the word on its own could give the image and sound of the scene. Words such as writhing and froth-corrupted gives strong detail in a very short format. Similarly the word flung assumes the urgency or carelessness for the soldiers in the battle. These kinds of words give an effect on the poems intensity. The poem bears strong emphasis of an irony to the old lie Dulce Et Decorum Est. As an educated man Wilfred Owen was able to recognize the lie and propaganda by the government towards the soldiers. His purpose to unleash the sarcastic significance of Dulce Et Decorum Est, was successfully scripted through his poetic technique, language, imagery and similes. Overall the poem lets the world know about the devastation and terror of the wars in the past yet, inspires us to discourage the war in the present and the future.

How to Write an English Law Essay

How to Write an English Law EssayIf you want to write an English law essay, then there are many things that you need to learn about. A well-written essay will be very helpful for any college admissions officer. Even if you do not have a degree in law, you can still write an essay that will help to your college application. A lot of people feel that they are just not creative enough, but they should not despair as there are ways to make a high-quality essay.The first thing that you need to do is do your own research and get ideas from books and other sources. You need to take your time to really understand the topic that you are writing about. You will want to keep in mind that every sentence is a chance to present yourself as an expert in the field. You will also want to carefully consider the spelling and grammar of your essay before you turn it in to the editor.One of the best ways to do this is to write and read as much as you can. What you need to do is be able to absorb all of t he information that you have been given. You should also use a dictionary or even a library to look up words that you may not have heard of before. Also, try to create a paragraph using a word that you are unfamiliar with.When you do your research, you will want to remember that you are writing for someone who has no prior knowledge of what you are talking about, and it is important to be as familiar as possible with the concepts that you are presenting. Do not forget that there are many different theories on how the law should be applied. As long as you are very clear and concise about your position, your essay will be approved.You also need to keep in mind that you need to be creative and keep your ideas straight forward. Don't be afraid to show the reader what you can do by providing them with examples that show that you can do it. If you don't have a lot of experience, then you will need to include a lot of trial and error and practice.Also, you should have a good idea of what t ype of question that you want to ask when you are writing. There are many different questions that you need to think about before you write your essay. Whether it is a fact or a question that you want to address, you should have the ability to write a successful essay.The last thing that you need to do is to write a sentence or two before you close your essay. It may be important to show your own abilities as well as demonstrate the skill of others. Writing a good response to a question will show that you are confident and that you can write a solid response to anyone's question. The more you show that you can put the proper words together, the better your essay will be.Once you know how to write an English law essay, then you can move on to the next step in learning how to write a successful essay. You will need to have confidence when it comes to writing a paper. By doing the right research and understanding what is required, you will find that you will be able to create a powerfu l essay that will land you a job.

Letter Of Recommendation Essays - Bachelor Of Engineering

Letter Of Recommendation Essays - Bachelor Of Engineering Letter Of Recommendation Letter of Recommendation for Raj Rishi Chatterjee I should like to write a few words in support of Mr. Raj Rishi Chatterjee's application for graduate admission in your department. He is interested in pursuing his graduate work in the broad area of Computer Science. I have known Raj Rishi for two years. For two semesters, he was a student in my Computer Systems and Organization Class and laboratory course. In all the two semesters, he was one of my top students. I found him hard working and diligent to do the work assigned. More importantly, he is able to plan and organize his work efficiently. During the oral examinations, I found that he was perceptive and able to think logically. He also is enthusiastic and showed the initiative to understand and solve problems. Like most Indian students he has studied Electronics Engineering for 4 years and his fundamentals are quite sound now. Though he was admitted to Electronics and Communication discipline, he has pursued Computer Science and Engineering as an additional area of expertise. W hile being good in Electronics related subjects, he has shown immense interest and potential in the subjects of Computer Science. Out of his own personal interest, he has gone through the topics of Data Structures, Algorithms, Object Oriented Programming and Operating Systems, etc. He has also studied programming concepts and is proficient in Visual C++, Visual Basic, Oracle and Web Programming using Active X and Java. As a result of this, he was to develop the following innovative shareware software:- a) Multilingual Word Processor (supporting English, Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi, four major regional languages of India), b) Personal Reminder Program (an automated appointment diary) and c) 8085 Simulator. Raj Rishi has demonstrated his leadership and teamwork qualities being an active participant in the events organized by I.E.E.E. (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and has been a key organizer for Debates, Symposiums and Programming Competitions in the institut e. Although I have not had sufficient opportunity to judge his writing skill, his oral communication skills in English are very good. From what I have seen of him I think he holds promise in the field of research. I have taught several hundreds of students and in my opinion he belongs to first ten students I strongly liked to suggest to go for advanced research for the benefit of Computer Science. In short I have no reservations in recommending his admission at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Yours faithfully, mr

Commonly Confused Words Have and of

Commonly Confused Words Have and of The sound of the preposition of  is similar to the sound of vethe shortened form of the helping verb have. As a result, of is sometimes misused in contractions. Usage Have  often functions as an auxiliary verb (or helping verb). In speech and informal writing, the contracted form ve  is sometimes used with the verbs could, must, should, would, may, and might. Of  is a  preposition, not a contraction. Examples Jed could have tried harder to help us.Jed said, I wouldve tried harder if Id known you were paying attention.Some of us must have been watching the game when the burglars broke into the house.If the Mets would have given him two more runs per game, Seaver would have won 20 games by the end of August. But that was one of those wouldve, couldve, shouldve scenarios.(Josh Rosengren, Hammerin Hank, George Almighty and the Say Hey Kid, 2008)The planning of the fly was an application of pure intelligence, morals not being concerned. Not one of us could have planned the fly, not one of us could have constructed him; and no one would have considered it wise to try, except under an assumed name.(Mark Twain, Thoughts of God, early 1900s) Usage Notes Mr. Wood, my English teacher, is always telling us that theres no such thing as must of, should of, could of, its must have, should have, could have. Mr. Wood says stuff like, The day you all get that simple little fact into your tiny little heads is the day I can retire a happy man. Well, this is all very well and good, but he doesnt need to be moaning on to me about it. (Hayley Long, Lottie Biggs Is [Not] Mad. Macmillan, 2009)When we speak, we slur these phrases so that they all sound as if they end in of, but in fact, all of them end in have. Their correct forms are may have, might have, must have, should have, would have, and could have. (Susan Thurman, The Only Grammar Book Youll Ever Need. FW Media, 2003)Some writers use of for ve deliberately to add flavor; should of and Id of have a drawled look that the more clipped shouldve and Idve lack. Ring Lardner and John OHara often used of for ve, and it is unlikely that either did it from ignorance. (Edward Johnson,  The Handbook of Good English. Washington Square, 1991)   Practice Exercises Fill in the blanks with either have or of. See how you did with the answers below. One _____ us made a mistake.It must _____ been you.She was one _____ the few gentlewomen I _____ ever known, and has remained throughout my life the measure _____ what a human being can be. (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) Answers to Practice Exercises One  of  us made a mistake.It must  have  been you.She was one  of  the few gentlewomen I  have  ever known, and has remained throughout my life the measure  of  what a human being can be. (Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)